Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary function (IPF) is a relatively rare condition that leads to a build-up of scar tissue in the lungs. The condition can cause chronic symptoms such as a gradual increase in breathlessness on exertion or a persistent dry cough. IPF is a progressive disease that can cause further impairment in lung function and increase symptoms. A review by a respiratory physician can help facilitate a prompt diagnosis and allow further discussion on treatment options.
Connective tissue disease-related ILD
Connective tissue disease (CTD) is a group of autoimmune conditions that can affect multiple organs in the body. These include conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. These conditions can also affect the lung tissue by causing an interstitial lung disease (ILD). Symptoms are variable and includes breathlessness or a chronic cough. Immunosuppression is often used to treat the CTD-ILD and may require a combined approach by a respiratory physician and a rheumatologist/immunologist.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a condition where the lungs are affected by an allergic response to a substance in the environment. Common substances may include mould, bird feathers, smoke or garden materials such as compost or mulch. The allergic response will cause inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung and lead to symptoms such as a cough or breathlessness. An attempt to identify the culprit substance is important as it can stop the condition. In some cases, the condition can continue into a chronic form that may require further treatment.
Silicosis
Silicosis is a lung condition caused by inhalation of silica dust particles. Silicosis is often categorised as an occupational lung condition as exposure to silica dust is often encountered in construction where silica-laden materials are broken or tampered. The silica dust can lead to inflammation of the lungs and if exposed for a long duration, can also lead to scarring of the lungs. While there is no treatment to reverse silicosis, early diagnosis is important to stop further exposure to silica dust.
